АНАЛИЗА ЧИНИЛАЦА ИЗВОЗНИХ ПЕРФОРМАНСИ ПРЕДУЗЕЋА ИЗ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРБИЈЕ У ПРОЦЕСУ ЕВРОПСКИХ ИНТЕГРАЦИЈА/ ANALYSIS OF EXPORT PERFORMANCE FACTORS OF ENTERPRISES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Abstract
Апстракт
Предмет истраживања је анализа извозних проблема и статегија предузећа из Републике Србије, са циљем да се идентификују главни извозни проблеми и испита њихов утицај на извозне перформансе, у светлу европских интеграција и укључивања на инострано тржиште. Истраживачки модел обухвата извозне проблеме и извозну стратегију као независне варијабле, и потом истражује релационе везе ових варијабли са извозним перформансама. Истраживањем смо обухватили мала и средња предузећа са територије Републике Србије. Користили смо упитник како би тестирали директан и индиректан утицај варијабли на краткорочне извозне перформансе употребом методе факторске анализе. Резултати истраживања указују да предузећа која поседују особље квалификовано за извоз на инострано тржиште имају директан утицај на побошање извозних перфоманси, као и да су најважнији проблеми при уласку на инострано тржиште, а посебно на тржиште ЕУ, за српске извознике сложеност извозне документације, лоша организација извозног одељења предузећа, лош дизајн производа, високи трошкови превоза робе и неадекватна промоција предузећа на извозним тржиштима.
Кључне речи: извоз, извозне перформансе, извозни проблеми, тржиште ЕУ
Abstract
This paper focuses on the analysis of export problems and export strategies of enterprises from the Republic of Serbia, with the aim of identifying the major export problems and examining their impact on export performance in the light of European integration and future entry in international markets. The research model integrates export problems and export strategy as independent variables and then explores the relational connections of these variables with export performance. The study includes SMEs from the territory of the Republic of Serbia. We used a questionnaire to test the direct and indirect effects of variables on short-term export performance using the method of factor analysis. Research findings indicate that enterprises that have the personnel qualified for export into foreign markets have the most effective impact on improving export performance, and that the most important problems in entering the foreign market, especially the EU market, for the Serbian exporters are the complexity of export documentation, poor organization of the firm’s export department, poor product design, high transportation costs, and inadequate promotion of enterprises on export markets.
Key words: export, export performance, export problems, EU market
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