TM
G. XXIV Br. 1-2 Str. 37 - 45 Niš januar - jun 2000.
UDK
316.33+316.347:316.7
Originalni
naučni rad
Danilo Ž.
Marković
Učiteljski fakultet,
Beograd
GLOBALIZACIJA
I PROBLEMI OČUVANJA NACIONALNOG I KULTURNOG IDENTITETA
Rezime
U radu se razmatra problem
očuvanja nacionalnog kulturnog identiteta u uslovima globalizacije. Globalizacija
se definiše kao proces povezivanja konkretnih društava, na osnovu ekonomske
povezanosti u ekonomske i političke odnose međuzavisnosti i kulturne povezanosti
na osnovu informatičkih tehnologija i sredstava masovnih komunikacija,
iako sa puno protivurečnosti, u jedinstveno svetsko društvo na planeti
Zemlji i svesti ljudi o pripadnosti kako posebnim, tako i svetskom društvu.
Ovako definisana globalizacija izražava zakonitost u razvoju ljudskog društva,
uslovljenu razvojem proizvodne moći čoveka i sredstava međuljudske i međudržavne
komunikacije zasnovane na nauci, najautentičnijem pokazatelju sposobnosti
u razvoju čoveka kao misaonog i stvaralačkog bića. Stvaranje svetskog društva
na planeti Zemlji ne treba da bude praćeno i ukidanjem osobenosti konkretnih
društava. Naprotiv, njihove osobenosti, izražene u njihovom kulturnom identitetu
treba da budu očuvane, očuvanjem tog identiteta. Različitost kultura je
izraz čoveka-stvaraoca, i svaki narod ima pravo da sačuva i unapredi svoju
kulturu i svoje vrednosti u uslovima globalizacije. Rečju, kao što globalizacija
predstavlja zakonitost u civilizacijskom razvoju ljudskog društva, civilizacijski
karakter tog procesa zahteva i pretpostavlja očuvanje kulturnog identiteta
svakog naroda. U kontekstu ovakvog pristupa globalizaciji, u radu se ukazuje
da, sa političkog stanovišta, ona ne vodi nužno monopolarnom, već multipolarnom
svetu. Jer, multipolarni svet jedino može očuvati u jedinstvenoj planetarnoj
civilizaciji raznovrsnost kultura, tj. bogatstvo oblika čovekove stvaralačke
sposobnosti.
Ključne peči: globalizacija,
svetsko društvo, nacionalni i kulturni identitet.
GLOBALIZATION
AND PROBLEMS OF PRESERVING NATIONAL CULTURAL IDENTITY
Summary
The paper deals with
the problem of preserving national cultural identity in the conditions
of globalization. Globalization is defined as a process in which concrete
societies, on the strength of their economic integration into economical
and political relations of interdependence and cultural interrelation enabled
by information technologies and mass-media, are integrated, in spite of
numerous contradictions, into a unique global society on the planet Earth
based on the people's sense of belonging to their specific and to the global
society alike. Thus defined globalization is a manifestation of the regularity
in the development of the human society, conditioned by the development
of man's production power and means of interpersonal and intergovernmental
communication based on science, the most authentic indicator of the abilities
in the development of man as a thinking and creative being. Creation of
a global society on the planet Earth should not be followed by elimination
of the peculiarities of concrete societies. Rather the contrary, their
peculiarities, manifested in their cultural identity, should be preserved
by preserving their identity. Differences in culture are an expression
of man's creativity, and each nation has a right to preserve and improve
its own culture and its specific values in the conditions of globalization.
In a word, just as globalization is a manifestation of the pattern in the
civilizational development of the human society, the same civilizational
character of that process also requires and presupposes preservation of
the cultural identity of each and every nation. In the context of this
approach to globalization, the paper suggests that, from the political
standpoint, it should not necessarily lead to a unipolar, but rather to
a multipolar world. Because, it is only in a multipolar world that variety
of cultures, i.e. the wealth of forms of man's creative abilities
may be preserved in an integrated planetary civilization.
Key words: globalization,
global society, national and cultural identity.
