TM G. XX Br. 1-2 Str. 9 - 24 Niš januar - jun 1997.
UDK 914.97:914
Prethodno saopštenje
Momčilo Stojković
Filozofski fakultet, Niš
BALKANSKE KONSTANTE I EVROPSKE PERSPEKTIVE
Rezime
Nikada u pisanoj istoriji čovečanstva Balkan nije pripadao balkanskim narodima, onako kako, na primer, Skandinavija pripada skandinavskim narodima ili britanska ostrva Britancima. Od dose-ljavanja Slovena na Balkansko poluostrvo do naših dana, u tako dugom razdoblju od gotovo 1500 godina, ovaj region jugoistoka Evrope, bio je predmet neprestanog sukobljavanja interesa velikih evropskih i svetskih sila - od Vizantije do Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. Razloga za to ima više; od istorijskih preko geopolitičkih i komunikacijskih do vojno-strateških. Balkan jeste raskrsnica ne samo evropskih nego i međukontinentalnih puteva; on jeste mesto susretanja, doticaja i pro-žimanja velikih civilizacija i kultura, religija i filozofija života - pravoslavlja, rimokatoličanstva i islama. Interesi velikih sila nikada nisu dopuštali stvaranje snažnih nacionalnih država na Balkanu, pa to ne dopuštaju ni danas, mada je inače proces formiranja nacionalnih država okončan u Evropi još sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Velika, teško nadoknadiva, istorijska zakašnjenja konstanta su Balkana i balkanskih naroda; od dolaska Slovena na ove prostore, mešanja sa starosedeocima, stvaranja srednjovekovnih država, razvitka pisma i nacionalne kulture. Tribalizam, karakterističan inače za neke naj-nerazvijenije afričke zemlje, je, takođe, politička konstanta naroda na ovim prostorima. Anahroni i retrogradni istorijski procesi na Balkanu pri samom kraju dvadesetog veka nisu korespondentni evropskim i svetskim integracionim procesima; balkanski ih narodi dočekuju ekonomski i politički nespremni. Ali i to je jedna od balkanskih konstanti.
Ključne reči: Balkan, Evropa, kulturne konstante, tribalizam, geopolitički interesi
BALKAN CONSTANTS AND EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES
Summary
In the written history of mankind the Balkans has never belonged to the Bal-kan nations the way, for example, Scandinavia belongs to Scandinavian nations or the British Isles to the British. Since the immigration of Slavs to the Balkan Peninsula till nowadays, in such a long period of almost 1500 years, this region of southeastern Europe, was an object of constant conflicts of interests between great European and world powers – from Byzantium to the United States of America. There are numerous reasons for that; from historical over geopolitical and communicative, to military-strategic. The Balkans, as an intersection not only of European, but also of interconti-nental roads, is a place of meeting, contacting and mingling of great civilizations and cultures, religions and philosophies of life - Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Islam. Across the Peninsula there used to be a borderline between great empires and barbar-ian nations, and today between western and eastern world, that is, between civil and traditional society. Finally, the Balkans is surrounded by warm seas, on whose coasts and islands the most unexceeded cultures have grown, that are so meritorious for the development of mankind in general. The interests of great powers have never per-mited creation of strong national states on Balkans, and so they or not permit it today either, although the process of the creation of national states in Europe ended way back in the seventies of the last century. Great, hardly compensable, historical delays are constants of Balkans and Balkan nations; since the arrival of Slavs to these areas, mixing with the natives, creation of medieval states, development of alphabet and na-tional culutre. Tribalism, characteristic for some of the most undeveloped African countries, is also a political constant of nation in these areas. Anachronistic and retro-gressive historical processes in the Balkans at a very end of twentieth century are not corresponding to the world and European integration processes; the Balkan nations are meeting them economically and politically unready. But, that is one of the Balkan constants too.