TM G. XXIII Br. 1-2 Str. 21 - 31 Niš januar - jun 1999.
UDK 113/119:524.8
Pregledni rad

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Radomir Đorđević
Fizički fakultet, Beograd
FILOSOFSKE ANTICIPACIJE I NAUČNE KONCEPCIJE RUSKIH KOSMISTA
Rezime Sintagmom "ruski kosmisti" označavaju se brojni mislioci vrlo različitog izraza: filosofi, naučnici, umetnici, bogoslovi-modernisti. Ruski kosmizam je specifična duhovna, filosofsko-naučna orijentacija koja pokazuje enciklopedijski i samosvojni sintetički izraz ruskog genija i započinje negde od sredine prošlog stoleća. Krugu tih mislilaca pripadaju brojni stvaraoci među kojima su bez sumnje najznačajniji, kada je reč o pretečama osvajanja kosmosa, N.F. Fjodorov (1928-1903), filosof, bogoslov kome su se na određen nažin divili Dostojevski, Tolstoj i Vladimir Salavjov, K.E. Ciolkovski (1857-1935), V.I. Vernadski (1863-1945), naučnik svetskog glasa osnivača biogeohemije, učnja o biosferi i noosferi, A.L. Čiževski (1897-1964) naučnik filosof, umetnik koji se bavio posebno  helibiologijom. Ideje kosmista bile su još jedan oblik maksimalizma koji oličava revolucionar Kibalčič, učesnik u atentatu na cara Aleksandra II, koji se istovremeno bavio i projektima raketa, koji su nađeni tek 1918. godine u arhivama tajne policije a sudbinu komsista uopšte simbolično oličavaju ljudi koji su realizovali pojedine projekte kosmista kao što je to bio S.P. Koroljov. U vezi sa tim postavljaju se danas mnoga filosofska pitanja daljeg opstanka ljudi.
Ključne reči: kosmizam, ruski kosmisti, filozofska anticipacija, naučna koncepcija

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PHILOSOPHICAL ANTICIPATIONS AND SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF THE RUSSIAN COSMISTS
Summary A syntagm "the Russian cosmists" denotes numerous thinkers of remarkably different expression: philosophers, scientists, artists, theologians-modernists. The Russian cosmism is a specific spiritual, philosophical-scientific orientation that reveals the encyclopedic and genuine synthetic expression of the Russian genius and it commences sometime in the middle of the last century. This circle of thinkers includes numerous creators. The most significant of them undoubtedly are: N. F. Fyodorov (1928-1903), philosopher, theologian who was in a particular way admired by Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy and Vladimir Solovyov, K. E. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), V. I. Vernadsky (1863-1945), a world-renowned scientist, founder of biogeochemistry, theories of biosphere and noosphere, A. L. Chizhevsky (1897-1964), scientist, philosopher, artist whose particular sphere of interest was heliobiology. The cosmists' ideas were yet another form of maximalism personified in the revolutionary Kibalchich, a participant of the assassination on the czar Alexander II, who simultaneously worked on rocket projects which were not found until 1918 in the archives of the secret police. Generally speaking, the destiny of the cosmists is symbolically personified in the people who realized some of their projects, such as S. P. Korolov. In connection with this, many philosophical questions concerned with the further existence of people are still topical.
Key words: cosmism, Russian cosmists, philosophical anticipation, scientific conception.