TM G. XXIII Br. 1-2 Str. 47 - 62 Niš januar - jun 1999.
UDK 321.7:316.7+316.3
Originalni naučni rad
Velimir Tomanović
Institut društvenih nauka, Beograd
STRUKTURNI I KULTURNI USLOVI ZA DEMOKRATIJU I PROCESI POSTSOCIJALISTIČKE TRANSFORMACIJE
Rezime
Ovaj rad se bavi strukturalnim obeležjima društva i socio-kulturnim vrednostima koji prema istorijskim iskustvima i naučnim istraživanjima i teorijama značajno utiču na mogućnosti razvoja demokratije kao političkog režima u kome i obični ljudi kao građani mogu smisleno da utiču na politiku i upravljanje državom. Razmatraju se najpre uopšte neka važna strukturalna obeležja i društvene vrednosti koji su uticali na pojavu i razvoj demokratije u svetu, a zatim situacija u vezi s tim obeležjima i vrednostima u zemljama postsocijalističke transformacije, posebno u Jugoslaviji i Rusiji. Obuhvaćena su sledeća strukturna obeležja: društvena jednakost, teritorijalno strukturisanje društva u male zajednice, posebno gradove, koje omogućava razvoj samouprave i demokratije, postojanje pluralnih, nezavisnih elita, postojanje značajnih srednjih klasa, nacionalna homogenost ili složenost nacionalne strukture, strukturna diferenciranost političkog društva (države) i civilnog društva i privrede, kao i neke socio-kulturne vrednosti značajne za demokratiju: društvena, posebno politička jednakost i prava i slobode ljudi kao društvene vrednosti, obrazovanost i sklonost ka demokratskom i autoritarnom vladanju.
Ključne reči: demokratija, društvena jednakost postsocijalističke transformacije, strukturni uslovi za demokratiju, kulturni uslovi za demokratiju.
STRUCTURAL AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS FOR DEMOCRACY AND PROCESSES OF POST-SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION
Summary
The paper deals with the structural features of society and socio-cultural values which, according to the historical experience and scientific research works and theories, significantly affect the possibilities for the development of democracy as a political regime in which common people, as citizens, may meaningfully influence the politics and management of their country. The focus is first on general considerations of some substantial structural features and social values which influenced the appearance and the development of democracy in the world, and then on the situation of said features and values in the countries of post-socialist transformation, particularly in Yugoslavia and Russia. The paper concentrates on the following structural features:  social equality, territorial structuring of the society into small communities, towns in particular, which enables the development of self-management and democracy, existence of plural, independent ?lites, significant middle classes, national homogeneity or complexity of the national structure, structural differentiation of the political society (state) and civil society and economy, as well as some socio-cultural values significant for democracy: social, particularly political equality of human rights and liberties as social values, level of education and tendency toward the democratic and authoritarian  behavior.
Key words: democracy, social equality of post-socialist transformation, structural conditions for democracy, cultural conditions for democrac.