PSYCHOPHYSIC CORRELATES OF BURNOUT IN MANAGERS OF SMALL-SIZED ENTERPRISES/ПСИХОФИЗИЧКИ КОРЕЛАТИ СИНДРОМА ИЗГАРАЊА КОД МЕНАЏЕРА МАЛИХ ПРЕДУЗЕЋА
Abstract
The manager’s profession is increasingly being ranked as a high-stress one, but apart from the factors arising from the very nature of the work itself, the sources of stress and its accompanying negative еffects should also be sought in persons' individual features. Hence, the aim of this study was to establish whether there were significant differences in the presence of Type A behavior pattern (TABP), perfectionism, burnout and proneness to psychosomatic manifestations between managers and participants who were not engaged in management activities, as well as to examine the relationship between the above mentioned variables in both groups. The sample consisted of 150 participants divided into two equal groups: top managers of small private enterprises in the Southeastern Serbia and the comparison group of participants who were not engaged in managerial activities. The following instruments were applied: Adaptation of Jenkins Activity Scale for Type A, Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale, The Burnout Check list, HI test from KON 6 battery. The results have pointed out that managers had higher scores at TABP and Positive perfectionism, while there were no significant differences in regard to Negative perfectionism, burnout and proneness to psychosomatic manifestations. The findings indicated that positive characteristics of Type A and perfectionism, but also managerial position itself, could be protective in order to prevent burnout and outweigh negative health outcomes such as psychosomatic manifestations, which are generally related to the mentioned features. The obtained results are discussed in regard to the theoretical accounts and compared with previous research findings.
Key words: Type A behavior pattern, perfectionism, burnout, proneness to psychosomatic manifestations, managers.
Менаџерска професија све се чешће истиче као високо стресна, међутим, поред карактеристика радног места, изворе стреса и са њима повезаних негативних исхода треба тражити и у индивидуланим карактеристикама особе. Сходно томе, циљ истраживања био је да се утврде разлике у односу на присуство А типа понашања, перфекционизма, синдрома изгарања и склоности ка психосоматским испољавањима између менаџера и испитаника који не обављају менаџерски посао, као и да се испита и упореди повезаност наведених варијабли у обема групама испитаника. Узорак је чинило 150 испитаника подељених у две једнаке групе: топ-менаџери малих приватних предузећа и запослени испитаници који се не баве менаџерским активностима. Од инструмената су коришћене: Адаптирана верзија Џенкинсове скале за процену А типа понашања, Скала позитивног и негативног перфекционизма, Чек-листа за испитивање нивоа изгарања и хи-тест из батерије КОН 6. Резултати указују на то да су код менаџера у односу на испитанике који се не баве менаџерским активностима израженији А тип понашања и позитивни перфекционизам, док у погледу негативног перфекционизма, синдрома изгарања и психосоматских испољавања нису утврђене значајне разлике. Утврђени налази упућују на то да код испитиваних менаџера позитивне карактеристике А типа понашања и перфекционизма, али и сама менаџерска позиција, могу бити заштитни фактори у односу на синдром изгарања, те да могу да превагну над негативним здравственим последицама, попут психосоматских испољавања са којима су ове карактеристике уопштено повезане. Резултати су дискутовани у односу на теоријски контекст проблема истраживања и упоређени са досадашњим емпиријским налазима.
Кључне речи: А тип понашања, перфекционизам, синдром изгарања, склоност ка психосоматским испољавањима, менаџери.
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