SURPASSING OF MELISSUS’ HYLETIC MONISM AND PROBLEM OF NECESSITY AND CHANCE IN DEMOCRITUS’ ATOMISM
Abstract
Through the interpretation of fragments B 9 and B 156 the thesis has been developed that Democritus builds his physical atomism as an attempt at surpassing Melissus’ hyletic monism by means of the hyletic interpretation of Pythagorean pluralism of monads, i.e. of arithmetical or geometrical atoms. As well as Melissus, Democritus uses the terms “being” and “nothing” and understands them hyletically, but in spite of Melissus’ understanding he considers that being (τὸ ἐόν, i.e. δέν, hing: an infinite number of physical atoms as a result of the “crumbling” of one infinite Melissian being) and nothing (μηδέν, i.e. not-being: one infinite Melissian void as condition for motion) equally exist and have the status of incorruptible, sensually imperceptible (and therefore only noumenal, only to the reason available) Being, which is the ground for corruptible, sensually perceptible (and therefore phenomenal) concrete beings.
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