TM
G. XX Br. 1-2 Str. 145 - 161 Niš januar - jun 1997.
UDK
2:314
Prethodno
saopštenje
Jasmina Vujović-Brdarević
Institut društvenih nauka, Beograd
(DEZ)INTEGRATIVNA ULOGA RELIGIJE I DEMOKRATSKI RAZVOJ
Rezime
U empirijskim istraživanjima koja su realizovana sredinom 70-tih, dakle
u vreme kada se komunizam približavao svom razvojnom vrhuncu, pokazalo
se da ateizam predstavlja trend koji preovlađuje, a da se religioznost
može smatrati samo sporadičnom i u socijalnom pogledu sasvim marginalnom
pojavom (na nivou bivše SFRJ empirijski je tada utvrđeno manje od 10% verujućih).
Međutim, desetak godina kasnije, demoskopskim podacima je potvrđeno da
religija postaje pojava koja dobija na "ubrzanju": sredinom 80-tih, znači
u vreme kada je kriza komunističkog sistema već bila evidentna, na nivou
bivše SFRJ registrovano je 48% religioznih građana, dok je krajem 80-tih,
dakle onda kada je partijski monizam bio na izdisaju, a raspad bivše jugoslovenske
zajednice postao sasvim izgledan, nivo religioznosti iznosio je 46 p.p.
S obzirom da se ovakav nivo religioznosti zadržao do danas (sa sasvim malim
odstupanjima koja bitnije ne utiču na suštinu stvari), (p)ostalo je jasno
da je religija na ovim prostorima od nekada potisnute, efemerne i praktično
"nevidljive" socijalne pojave, prerasla u pojavu koja ima značajno mesto,
a samim tim i značajan uticaj u društvu. Imajući to u vidu i, s druge strane,
prihvatajući (teorijski i empirijski dokazanu) činjenicu da religija može
biti veoma značajan faktor društvene i političke kohezije ali da, isto
tako, veoma mnogo može uticati na procese društvene dezintegracije (što
drugim rečima znači: može podsticati demokratizaciju, pluralizam, univerzalizam,
toleranciju ali, s druge strane, može usloviti strukturalne podele, konflikte,
autoritarizam, retrogradne orijentacije) u ovom radu bavićemo se ispitivanjem
uloge religije u od 90-tih naovamo započetim procesima demokratske društvene
transformacije.
Ključne reči: religioznost, civilna religija, (dez)integracija, socijalna
kohezija
THE (DIS)INTEGRATIVE
ROLE OF RELIGION AND EMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT
Summary
The empirical research
undertaken in the mid-70's, the time when communism was approaching its
climax, showed that atheism was a prevailing trend, while religiosity was
to be considered, with every reason, a sporadic phenomenon and a socially
insignificant one (in former SFRY in fact less than 10% of citizens have
bee registered as religious). However, some ten years later, it turned
out that religiosity was "gaining momentum": the research project conducted
in the mid-80's, the time when the crisis of communism was obvious, as
many as 48% of citizens declared themselves religious (at the level of
former SFRY), whereas in the late 80's (i.e. when party monism was dying
out, and the imminent break-up of SFRY become obvious) the 46% p.p of the
people were religious. Since this percentage of believers, with minor deviations
that have no significant effect on the state of affairs, has been retained
to date, it has become clear and empirically evident that from a once suppressed,
ephemeral and actually "invisible" social phenomenon religion has become
an important and socially very influential one. Bearing this in mind and,
on the other hand, proceeding from the fact (theoretical and practically
proven) that religion can constitute a very important factor in social/political
cohesion, but can also be a very dominant determinant of social disintegration
(namely, in other words, that it can promote democratization, pluralism,
universalism, tolerance through it can also cause social disintegration,
conflicts, retrograde orientations, authoritarianism), this paper will
examine the place and role of religion and religiosity in the processes
(initiated in early 90's) of social (economic, political, cultural, value)
system restructuring on a democratic basis. We are of the opinion that
integrative, cohesive properties of religion should be stimulated (consciously)
precisely as to mitigate as much as possible or eliminate altogether negative,
disintegrational, anachroniic and retrograde properties of religion. Accordingly,
in this paper we will try and determinate whether there are conditions
for the promotion of civil religion in Serbia and FR Yugoslavia, which,
judging at least by American experience, has a potent, cohesive effect
even in a markedly pluriconfessional and multinational environment.
