TM  G. XXII  Br. 1-2  Str. 51 - 63  Niš  januar - jun  1998.
UDK 297.1(1-924.64)
Originalni naučni rad
Milan Vasić
Filozofski fakultet, Banja Luka
ISLAMIZACIJA NA BALKANSKOM POLUOSTRVU
Rezime
Za dugu osmansku vladavinu na Balkanu vezani su duboki poremećaji i krupne promene u tokovima istorijskog razvitka svih njegovih zemalja i naroda. Ti poremećaji i promene vidljivi su u svim oblastima društvenog života, ali su najviše došli do izražaja u etnodemografskom, kulturnom i konfesionalnom smislu. Posebnu pažnju privlači proces islamizacije. Pod njim se obično podrazumeva prelaženje hrišćana u muhamedansku veru ili "turčenje", kako ovu pojavu redovno nazivaju slovenski izvori. Proces islamizacije na Balkanskom poluostrvu je trajao od sredine 14. do početka 20. veka. Započeo je sa prvim turskim osvajanjima u Trakiji, širio se uporedo sa osmanskom ekspanzijom i konačno zahvatio sve hrišćanske zemlje koje su došle pod osmansku vlast. Odvijao se u fazama, sa nejednakim intezitetom, različito u različitim krajevima i s različitim posledicama. Izazvan je i podstican spregom niza odgovarajućih činilaca, stalno prisutnih u osmanskom državnom i društvenom poretku. Glavni od tih činilaca proizilazi iz podele stanovništva na verskoj osnovi, razlikama u pravnom položaju i realnom životu muslimana i nemuslimana. Po toj podeli, zasnovanoj na šerijatu, samo su muslimani važili za punopravne podanike carstva. Pripadnost islamu kao državnoj religiji i valadajućoj političkoj ideologiji značila je veliku privilegiju u odnosu na stanovništvo druge veroispovesti. Posledice islamizacije su mnogobrojne. Naročito su duboke etnobiološke posledice.
Ključne reči: Balkan, islamizacija, osmanska vlast, hrišćani, etnobiološke posledice.
ISLAMIZATION ON THE BALKAN PENINSULA
Summary
The long-lasting Ottoman rule on the Balkans is associated with the deep disturbances and major changes affecting the course of the historical development of all countries and peoples pertaining to it. The said disturbances and changes, although observable in all areas of social life, hawe reached their fullest expression in ethnodemographic, cultural and denominational spheres. The process of Islamization attracts particular attention. The term usually applies to the conversion of the Christians to Mohamedanism or "Turkization", as this phenomenon is regularly referred to in the Slavic sources. The process of Islamization on the Balkan peninsula lasted from the middle 14th to the beginning of the 20th century. It started with the first Turkish conquests in Thrace, spread side by side with the Ottoman expansion and finally caught all Christian countries which came under the Ottoman rule. It proceeded in three phases, with unequal intensity, differently in different regions and with different consequences. It was caused and stimulated by a chain of factors permanently present in the Ottoman governmental and social order. The main factor originated from the division of the population on religious grounds, and, consequently, from the differences concerning the legal position and actual life of the Muslims and the non-Muslims. According to this division, based on the Muslim religious law, the Muslims were the only subjects of the Empire with full civil rights. Affiliation to Islam as a national religion and a prevailing political ideology meant a considerable privilege in relation to the population of different religious affiliation. The consequences of Islamization are numerous. Ethnobiological ones are particularly deep.
Key words: the Balkans, Islamization, the Ottoman rule, the Christians, ethnobiological consequences