TM  G. XXII  Br. 1-2  Str. 115 -128  Niš  januar - jun  1998.
UDK 37:32+37.015.4
Originalni naučni rad
Miomir Ivković
Filozofski fakultet, Niš
OBRAZOVANJE I POLITIKA
Rezime
U radu je učinjen pokušaj da se iznađu i objasne veze i odnosi između dve vrlo važne sfere društva, ali i dve društvene pojave - obrazovanja i politike. Objašnjenje ide iz opcije sociologije obrazovanja. Rad je podeljen na tri logički i sadržajno povezana dela. U prvom delu objašnjeno je obrazovanje kao pojam i proces. Obrazovanje je određeno kao proces (1) prenošenja i sticanja znanja i vrednosti i (2) razvijanje i formiranje navika i umenja. Znanja i vrednosti, navike i umenja, pretpostavka su, osnova i temelj za (1) trajno poboljšavanje strukture psihičkih dispozicija i njihovo trajno zadržavanje kod svake ličnosti, a pre svega za razvijanje umnih i saznajnih sposobnosti ličnosti, i (2) izgrađivanje osnove za formiranje pogleda na svet. U tom smislu, ali i zbog osnove kakvu predstavlja i za razvoj čovekovih moralnih i estetskih vrednosti i fizičkih sposobnosti, obrazovanje omogućuje vaspitanje, koje se određuje i kao širi proces i opštiji pojam. U drugom delu određena je politika kao delatnost javnog odlučivanja u zajednici o svim poslovima koji se tiču njenog opstanka, fukcionisanja i razvoja. Tako određena, ona ima svoje tri konstitutivne oblasti: 1. vladavinu, 2. interes i 3. javnost. U trećem delu ukazano je na veze i odnose između obrazovanja i politike. Navedeno je da se odnos između obrazovanja i politike može postaviti u dve ravni posmatranja i analizivanja. Prva ravan je ona u kojoj je politika domen obrazovanja, a druga ona u kojoj je obrazovanje domen politike. Osnovna veza i osnovni odnos obrazovanja i politike u ravni u kojoj je politika domen obrazovanja tiču se znanja. U istoj ravni, ali šire, ovaj odnos se može posmatrati kao odnos između političkog obrazovanja (političke socijalizacije) i političke kulture. Osnovni odnos, pak, obrazovanja i politike u ravni u kojoj je obrazovanje domen politike tiče se politike obrazovanja.
Ključne reči: obrazovanje, politika, škola, politička socijalizacija, agensi političke socijalizacije, politika obrazovanja
EDUCATION AND POLITICS
Summary
The paper is an attempt to find and explain the ties and relations between two very important social spheres, but also two social phenomena - education and politics. The explanation comes from the option of sociology of education. The paper is divided into three logically and essentially related parts. The first part focuses on the explanation of education as a concept and a process. Education is explained as a process of (1) knowledge and values transfer and acquisition and (2) habits and skills development and formation. Knowledge and values, habits and skills are a precondition, base and foundation for (1) the constant improvement of the structure of psychic dispositions and their permanent retainment in each individual, and particularly for the development of intellectual and cognitive abilities of an individual, and for the (2) establishment of foundations for the development of the individual view of the world. From that particular aspect, but also because of the fact that it is a foundation for the development of man's moral and esthetic values aod physical abilities, education provides grounds for the process of upbringing which is defined as a wider process and a more general term. The second part focuses on politics which is determined as an activity of public decision-making in a community about all the activities affecting its survival, functioning and development. Thus determined it incorporates three constitutive fields: 1. rule; 2. interest and 3. publicity. The third part points to the ties and relations between education and politics. It is stated that the relation between education and politics may be viewed and analyzed in two possible planes. The first is the one in which politics is a domain of education, and the second the one in which education is a domain of politics. The basic tie and the basic relation between education and politics viewed in the plane in which politics is a domain of education concerns knowledge. In the same plane, but viewed from a wider perspective, this relation may be seen as a relation between political education (political socialization) and political culture. On the other hand, the basic relation between education and politics viewed in the plane in which education is a domain of politics concerns the policy of education.
Key words: education, politics, school, political socialization, agents of political socialization, policy of education