ANALYSIS OF THE START-UP MOTIVES OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS/АНАЛИЗА МОТИВА ПРЕДУЗЕТНИЦА ЗА ОТПОЧИЊАЊЕ ПРЕДУЗЕТНИЧКЕ АКТИВНОСТИ
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the research of motives of female entrepreneurs for starting their entrepreneurial activity. The research is conducted on a sample of 40 female entrepreneurs from a number of cities in the Republic of Serbia. The results indicate that the motivation of the female entrepreneurs is a complex phenomenon that is made of a combination of the so-called negative (push) and positive (pull) motives for starting the entrepreneurial activity. Looking at the structure of the motives, the results suggest that female entrepreneurs are attracted to the entrepreneurship by the existence of business opportunities to a greater extent than they are pushed in this activity by an absence of other and better options of employment. These results should be interpreted in the context of the sample’s educational structure, in which over a half of the respondents have higher levels of education. Regarding the key motives, it can be said that female entrepreneurs are a heterogeneous group, given the fact that the pull motives are more important for the population of more educated entrepreneurs, and that the push motives are more significant for starting the entrepreneurial activity among women with lower educational attainment. Similarly, although the flexibility of working hours is one of the most important motives for female entrepreneurs in general, its importance is most pronounced in the population of female entrepreneurs that are between 26 and 45 years old. The lack of the statistical significance of some results is explained by the sample size.
Key words: female entrepreneurial activity, push and pull motives.
У раду су представљени резултати истраживања мотива предузетница за отпочињање предузетничке активности које је спроведено на узорку од 40 пре- дузетница са територије одређеног броја градова у Републици Србији. Резултати истраживања указују на то да је мотивација предузетница сложен феномен који чини комбинација тзв. негативних (push) и позитивних (pull) мотива за отпочиња- ње предузетничке активности. Посматрајући структуру мотива, резултати упућују на закључак да су предузетнице у већој мери привучене у предузетништво постојањем пословних шанси него што су у ову активност гурнуте непостојањем дру- гих/бољих могућности запошљавања. Овакве резултате треба тумачити у кон- тексту образовне структуре предузетница из узорка у коме је преко половине испитаница са вишим/високим нивоом стручне спреме. Када су у питању кључни мотиви, може се истаћи да предузетнице представљају хетерогену групу будући да су мотиви из групе pull мотива израженији у популацији образовани- јих предузетница, док су мотиви из групе push значајнији за отпочињање преду- зетничке активности жена са нижим нивоом образовања. Такође, иако је мотив флексибилности радног времена један од најзначајнијих мотива предузетница уопште, његов значај је најизраженији у популацији предузетница старости од 26 до 45 година. Одсуство статистичке значајности појединих резултата објашњава се величином узорка.
Кључне речи: предузетничка активност жена, push и pull мотиви.
Keywords
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