TM G. XX Br. 1-2 Str. 37 - 58 Niš januar - jun 1997.
UDK 316.48 (497)
Prethodno saopštenje
Zoran Vidojević
Institut društvenih nauka, Beograd
INVERZIJA PRAVCA DRUŠTVENIH SUKOBA I BALKANSKA PARADIGMA KONFLIKTNOSTI
Rezime
Nakon raspada real-socijalističkih (partijskih) federacija i formiranja posebnih nacionalnih država, dolazi do inverzije pravca društvenih sukoba. Ako je u fazi "destrukcije" bivših socijalističkih federacija opšti trend sukoba išao od klasnih ka ratnim (posredovanim nacionalnim i verskim sukobima) u fazi "konstrukcije" "novog sistema" unutar posebnih nacionalnih država, oni imaju smer od ratnih ka klas-nim. Primat preuzimaju pitanja egzistencijalnog opstanka, zaposlenja, socijalne perspektive, dolazi do otrežnjenja masa u pogledu vrednosti posebnih nacionalnih država, kritičnijeg odnosa prema politizaciji glavne, nacionalne religije, odnosno veroispovesti. Međutim, taj trend nije ireverzibilan . Sva nacionalno, religiozno i konfesionalno slo-žena i podeljena post-real-socijalistička društva stalno su na ivici patologizacije i varvarizacije nacionalnih sukoba i sukoba na verskoj ili para-verskoj osnovi, "transmisije" bede na "teren" izrazito destruk-tivnih sukoba te vrste. "Demokratska" formula u smislu stvaranja građanskog društva, konstitucionalne države, osiguranih prava i sloboda svih pojedinaca kao ljudi i građana, garantovanih kolektivnih prava nacionalnih i religioznih manjina, ma koliko bila neophodna i značajna da spreči tu opasnost, ipak za to nije dovoljna. Jer, takva mogućnost u razvoju nacionalnih, religioznih, odnosno konfesionalnih (kao i rasnih) sukoba proizlazi iz društveno-sistemske podloge totalitarnog i autoritarnog nasleđa i negativne komponente istorijske vertikale u odnosima među pripadnicima suprotstavljenih naroda, vera i veroispovesti kao i iz snažne iracionalne komponente tih sukoba u okviru balkanske paradigme konfliktnosti.
Ključne reči: društveni sukobi, balkanska paradigma, nacionalne države, graćanska društva, demokratizacija
THE INVERSION OF THE SOCIAL CONFLICTS DIRECTIONS AND THE BALKAN PARADIGM OF CONFLICTION
Summary
The disintegration of the realsocialist (party) federations and the formation of independent nation-states have resulted in an inverted direction of social conflicts. If the general trend of conflicts in the phase of "destruction" of the former socialist federations went from the class- to military-conflicts, they now lead from the military to the class ones. The issues of livelihood, employment, social perspective gain the pri-macy, and this results in awakening of the masses with respect to the values of independent nation-states, including a more critical attitude towards politization of the major religion of the nation (i.e. main confession). The traditional, as well as the new class conflicts are being stronger and more widespread; this applies, in general, to the conflicts of broader groups of socially endangered people with already established old/new property-ruling classes. However, this trend is not irreversible . All the post-realsocialist societies that are ethnically, religiously and confessionally complex and divided, are constantly on the verge of pathologization and barbarization of ethnic conflicts or conflicts based upon religious or para-religious premisses. The poverty is, therefore, "transmited" to the "ground" of extremely dectructive conflicts of that kind. The "democratic" formula concerning the formation of the civil society, constitutional state, guaranteed rights and freedoms of all individuals as humans and citizens - however necessary and important in way be it order to prevent that danger - is not suf-ficient. Such a possibility in the development of ethnic, religious, confessional (as well as racial) conflicts results from the social-systemic base of the totalitarian and authoritarian heritage and the negative component of the historical vertical in the relationship between the members of antagonistic nations, religions and denominations, including a strong irrational component of those conflicts within the Balkan paradigm of conflict. The theory of the "third wave" of democratization - which, according to its supporters, begins in the former socialist societies - is, at least, too optimistic; con-sidering the group of highly conflictual and ethnically and religiously divided, an-tagonistic, post-realsocialist societies - it even proves to be wrong. The possibility of the majority national support to the transformation of one form of authoritarian system to another, with the tacit or direct consent of the members of the major religion of the nation (or its confession) is far from disappearing in the Balkans, especially in the South Slavic post-realsocialist realm.