TM
G. XXII Br. 1-2 Str. 31 - 49 Niš januar - jun
1998.
UDK 334.72+332.021.8(497.11)(497.17)
Prethodno saopštenje
Dragana Radenković-Jocić
Ekonomski fakultet, Niš
PRAVNI ASPEKTI PROCESA TRANSFORMACIJE PREDUZEĆA
U JUGOSLAVIJI I MAKEDONIJI
Rezime
Privatizacija u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji i Republici Makedoniji nije
nova tema. Promena vlasništva u obe zemlje predstavlja osnovu za suštinsku
transformaciju privrede. Ali svojinska transformacija nije pitanje formule,
već pristupa. Teško je utvrditi koji
je to optimalni model svojinske transformacije. Ali, jasni svojinski odnosi,
zaštita svojine i poštovanje ugovora su karakteristike koje dovode do veće
aktivnosti stranih i domaćih investitora.
Za ostvarenje strukturnih tržišnih
reformi neophodne su dve osnovne mere. Prva je promena u svojinskoj strukturi,
odnosno privatizacija. Bez privatizacije nije
moguće kreirati tržišnu ekonomiju
u kojoj preduzećima nije potrebna asistencija
države, ni stvarnu i potpunu transformaciju
preduzeća. Konačno,
bez transformacije preduzeća privrede
Jugoslavije i Makedonije se ne mogu takmičiti
na međunarodnom tržištu,
i ostaju zatvorene i neproduktivne, što vodi ekonomskoj zaostalosti i umanjenju
životnog
standarda. Druga je kompletna promena u filozofskom shvatanju ekonomije
koje je prisutno u načinu rada vlada
obe zemlje. Vlade moraju prestati da se ponašaju kao konkurenti preduzećima
i da svoje kompetencije usmere na usvajanje pravne regulative. Zakon o
svojinskoj transformaciji Republike Srbije, savezni Zakon o preduzećima
i Zakon o osnovama promene vlasništva društvenog kapitala, kao i Zakon
o transformaciji preduzeća sa društvenim
kapitalom u Republici Makedoniji čine
osnov privrednih reformi u ovim zemljama. Uporednim posmatranjem se sagledavaju
sličnosti privredne situacije u kojoj
se ove balkanske države nalaze, i mogućnosti
njihove saradnje kao jednog od načina
pokretanja privrednog razvoja u ovoj geografskoj oblasti.
Ključne reči:
svojinska struktura, transformacija preduzeća,
svojinska transformacija, tržišna reforma,
svojinska struktura
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISES
IN YUGOSLAVIA AND MACEDONIA
Summary
Privatization in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of
Macedonia is not a new issue. Property transformation in both countries
is a basis for an essential transformation of their economy. However, property
transformation is not a question of any formula, but rather a question
of approach. It is hard to determine which model of property transformation
is optimal. Nevertheless, clear property relations, protection of property
and obedience of contracts are the characteristics which upturn the activities
of both foreign and domestic investors. Two fundamental measures are essential
for the accomplishment of structural market reforms. The first involves
a change of the property structure, i. e. privatization. Market economy
in which enterprises need no assistance of the state cannot possibly be
created without privatization, which also applies to the attainment of
a true and complete transformation of enterprises. Finally, without a appropriate
transformation of enterprises, the Yugoslav and Macedonian economies cannot
compete on the international market, which leads them to isolation and
unproductivity, and consequently to economic backwardness as well as to
the decline of living standards. The second involves a complete change
in the philosophical apprehension of economy present in the operating patterns
of both countries. Their governments must stop behaving as competitors
to enterprises and must orient their authority towards the adoption of
legal regulatory rules. The Law of Property Transformation of the Republic
of Serbia, the Federal Law of Enterprises and the Law of Basic Property
Transformation of Socially-Owned Capital, as well as the Law of Transformation
of Enterprises with Socially-Owned Capital in the Republic of Macedonia
serve as a basis for economical reforms in these countries. A comparative
insight into the matter provides grounds to perceive the similarities between
the economic situations of the said Balkan countries, as well as the possibilities
for their cooperation as one of the ways to trigger the economic development
in this geographical region.
Key words: property structure, transformation of enterprises, property
transformation, market reform
